The War Of The Vietnam War - 1545 Words

Rita Ghatourey once said, â€Å"Good decisions come from experience, and experience comes from bad decisions.† Sometimes bad decisions can lead to a broken finger nail or a scratch, while others can cause millions of deaths and psychological tolls. Throughout history, multitudinous countries and leaders have made deplorable decisions, causing lives to be lost. For example, during the Vietnam War, Presidents of the United States made many unethical decisions, which only further exacerbated the war. The war occurred from 1965 through 1968 in mostly Vietnam, but also in Laos and Cambodia. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam and their communist allies and South Vietnam, supported by the US and a few other countries. The Viet†¦show more content†¦The Vietnam War truly began when France attempted to control Vietnam. The leader at the time was Ho Chi Minh, a well known communist, but a nationalist first. Minh fought for independence for his country, and ev entually reached out to the United States for help resolving the conflict. He sent Truman eight letters asking for support; instead of helping the Vietnamese, Truman instead sent military support, in the form of money, to France. In this instance, Truman was being irrational, because he openly stated he did not support colonization. Yet, he supported the French in their conquest to colonize Vietnam? â€Å"Between 1950 and 1954, the United States contributed $2.6 billion to France’s war efforts,† simply because Truman was scared of the spread of communism. Truman believed that Vietnam becoming a communist power would trigger the transformation of other nations too. Although, he did not spend enough time thinking about Minh. Minh was a nationalist first and a communist second. Vietnam was not really a threat and neither was the form of communism Minh was enforcing. Instead of analyzing his options, Truman rushed into a war that fought against what the United States belie ved in, because he allowed his fear of communism to guide his decision making, rather than his logical rational. The Vietnamese ended up winning their war for independence after France surrendered. Only a day after an international peace conference was held in

Analysis of the Human Attitude Free Essays

Surveying the Human Attitude Melissa Hightower November 19, 2012 PSY475 University of Phoenix Surveying the Human Attitude Attitude can be seen in many parts of a daily routine of an individual. The significance of measuring attitude has become important in many areas of our society. Employers want to measure attitude of employees, while customers on the other side of the counter view att Attitude Survey The measure of attitudes is of great importance in a consumer driven economy, such as the one that exists in the United States today. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Human Attitude or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists use attitude surveys to translate subjective attitudes of people into empirical data. Attitudes themselves are distinguishable from interests and personality traits, in that attitudes are usually attached to an object (Hogan, 2007). The construct of attitude actually encompasses the cognitive, affective, and behavioral thoughts, feelings, and actions that a person exhibits in reaction to—or as a result of—an object. For the purposes of this paper I designed an attitude survey using a selected-response format that is built upon the precepts of the SERVQUAL approach to attitude assessment. The purpose of the survey is to assess the attitudes and perceptions that University of Phoenix (UOP) students exhibit at graduation about UOP itself. The intention of this paper is to discuss the design, administration, scoring, and interpretation of the survey as well as any issues I experienced while creating the survey. Design The target audience for this survey is UOP graduates that attended at least their sophomore and senior college years at UOP. The particular trait to be measured is the attitude that graduating students hold towards UOP after graduations. The survey should be administered electronically via the UOP student login page after graduation. There are 11 items in the survey and should take no more than 1-2 minutes to complete. I did this on purpose, because I know from experience that I hate taking long surveys when all I really wanted to do was log into UOP online. The survey uses the Likert scale to measure attitude, with the possible answers of strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree with the corresponding scores of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2, respectively. The score report is used to compile the individual scores into a descriptive format. The item stems are the assertions themselves and the responses are gauged through the Likert scale, otherwise known as the method of summated ratings (Hogan, 2007). The basic proposition of the Likert scale is that one attitudinal construct is at the basis of all of the items. All of the statements that I proposed are about the attitude of the graduate toward UOP and therefore addresses this concern. Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation The survey should be administered by UOP personnel and not the teachers. It would not do for the results of the survey to be skewed by the last class experience. This factor cannot be done away with entirely, but it can be minimized by having the survey administered by UOP personnel rather than a teacher. Moreover, in a general sense the lower the score the less the satisfaction and the higher the score the lower the satisfaction. The directionality of the scores are all in the same direction, meaning that a rating of strongly disagree always corresponds to a more unfavorable attitude toward UOP. However, it is important that the survey items be tried out on a large variety of students at UOP and the scores tabulated in advance. These scores will act as a means to convert the raw scores that will be collected when the test is actually distributed on a large scale to normed scores, which are more useful for interpretation. For instance, if there is universal tendency to score one item extremely negative, then the raw scores of the actual test can be mediated to take into account this propensity. For the purposes of a general attitude survey negative scores reflect negative perceptions and thoughts about UOP and positive scores the opposite. Issues Experienced While Creating Survey The SERVQUAL approach to attitude surveys is specifically designed for quantifying service quality and product satisfaction in the retail industry (Gob, 2007). As the SERVQUAL approach applies to this attitude survey, the main point of any survey is to ascertain the examinees expectations, perceptions and the gap between them. Therefore, I tried to design items to measure both the expectations of the UOP student as well as their perception of the item in question. This will increase the validity of the interpretation that lower scores equal less satisfaction and vice versa, since the items not only deal with the student’s actual perception, but their expectations as well. I also tried to encompass the entire spectrum of measurements—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—when considering the items to be administered. I am not comfortable with simple self-reported tests. They seem too subjective and too circumstantial. The items should gauge observable behavior, past feelings, and current thoughts about the construct being measured. Conclusion In sum, the attitude survey that I created follows the Likert scale method to gauge the overall satisfaction of UOP students, with an emphasis on both the perception and expectation of the items. The survey also attempts to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of the construct being tested. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the general attitude that UOP students have toward the University of Phoenix at graduation. References Gob, R. (2007). Ordinal methodology in the analysis of Likert scales. Quality Quantity, 41(5),601-626. Retrieved July 24, 2010, from SocINDEX with Full Text database. How to cite Analysis of the Human Attitude, Essay examples

Supermarket Management Pay Wave Card System

Question: Discuss about theSupermarket Managementfor Pay Wave Card System. Answer: The supermarket that was recently opened named the OZ supermarket provided a variety of products for their customers ranging from the household products to the stationary products (Turolla, 2016). In addition to this the also provided a variety of other products such as the items that are nonperishable. In addition to the variety of the products the quality of the products and the services that are offered by the supermarket are also taken into consideration. The main objective of the supermarket is provide the customers an ease of access to the supermarket procedure and increase their level of satisfaction. Hence, the supermarket officials are looking to improve their billing system or rather trying to change it completely for the benefit of their customers. They want to implement a cashless system for the billing purpose of the supermarket. Hence, the customers would not be required to stand in the long queues waiting for their products to be billed and get irritated. In addition t o this it would also help the customers in cases of emergencies. For the implementation of this cashless system the authorities are looking to implement the Pay Wave Card system for their organization. The implantation of this system would also benefit the staffs of the supermarket to a great extent. They would also be relived of the tedious duties and would have hassle free system in place of the default system. Therefore, the implementation of this system would increase the efficiency of the supermarket and also increase the overall reputation of the market. The authorities of the supermarket have decided up on abolishing the cash payment system of the market and install the cashless system in its place. They want an automated billing system. For, this requirement they would require to implement the Pay Wave card System. This is new concept of billing system that was never implemented before. In this process the buyer would be able to just walk into the store pick up an item of their choice and just leave the complex without even having t worry about the billing procedure of their purchase. The customer would be billed automatically depending on their purchase and also the bill would be procured automatically. The system has a number of operational procedures and this would be essential for the implementation of the system (Caney et al., 2013). The system makes use of several other technologies in addition to the Pay Wave Card. They also use the RDIF of the Radio Frequency Identification System. The products and the trolleys are generally labelled with these chips. Firstly, the RDIF chips are inserted into the products. They store all the information about the products in them. The information such as the product ID, name of the product, the cost of the product and also the status of the product are provided in the chips. In addition to this the RDIF chips are installed in the trolleys of the supermarket. These chips detect the chips that are installed in the products. As soon as the customer drops an item into their trolley the product id code is registered to the customer. In this way the customer goes on adding products to their cart and the chips keep on registering the products to the accounts of the customers and the billed in summed up when the customer leaves the complex with the products that he has procured. In addition to this the bill is also automatically deducted from their balance in the Pay Wave Card. These systems work together in a synchronized from. The Pay Wave Card is incorporated with these RDIF chips. In addition to this an exit mechanism is also installed into the market complex with the help of this RDIF chips. As soon as the customer leaves the complex the mechanism comes into effect and the chips that are incorporated with the Pay Wave card sum up the total bill of the customer and deduct it from the balance of the customer in the Pay Wave card and the balance in the Pay Wave card is also updated automatically. In addition to this, the Pay Wave card consists of the information about the customer such as his name, address and the balance that is remaining in the card. The card is updated automatically on regular basis. In addition to this the RDIF chips also has a tracking facility installed in them. They can track the products from almost any location (Amendola et al., 2014). If a customer wants to return the product, he can do it very easily. He just needs to the place the product back to its original position from the trolley and the total bill of the customer is decreased automatically. In addition to this the tracing system also helps in monitoring the items of the supermarket. In situations where the customer has insufficient balance in his card and makes a purchase either intentionally or unintentionally, an alarm would go off. This would prevent from possible theft of the items. In addition this in cases where the customer does not have sufficient balance in his card he can do it manually buy going to the customer care desks within the supermarket. In addition to this for the customers who do not possess a card is provided with a temporary card so that they can complete their purchase very easily and return he card back to the store. In addition to this, the supermarket also has a very efficient parking policy. The parking charges are hiked during the peak seasons and are lowered during the lean seasons. In addition to this the parking charges are waived off for the elderly and for the handicapped peoples. Recommendation Although the system is quite effective some recommendations are provided for improving the system. Provision for cash payment: The supermarket authorities should try and make a provision for the cash payment for the customers so they can purchase the products with cash if they want to opt for it (Cobovic, Katolik Novak, 2013). Staff Satisfaction: The organization should look to accommodate the staffs in the different position who are no longer required in the billing department (Bornemann-Shepherd et al., 2015). This increase the efficiency of the organization and also increase the level of staff satisfaction. Monitoring: The organization should have a proper monitoring system for the billing system that is in place (Campbell et al., 2014). The components and the equipment should be looked after and it is to be seen that they are stolen or tampered with. This would ensure the proper functioning of the system. The supermarket have the plan and the strategy for the implementation of the system in place. This system would increase the efficiency of the business to a great extent, and also increase the ease with which the customers can access the system. It also increases the satisfaction level of the customer very efficiently. With the increase in the level of satisfaction of the customer the overall reputation of the organization is also increased. This would influence the customer to visit the market more often. Hence, this would result in the increased efficiency of the organization. Although in addition to all this the supermarket authorities must look to increase the satisfaction level of the customer to a further extent. In addition to the cashless system the organization should also look to implement a feedback system and a product rating system. This would enable the customers to interact with the authorities and help in providing information that would help them to increase the efficiency of the system and also improve the system to great extent. The communication in between the customers and the company officials are very healthy for any kind of organization. For increasing the communication procedures of the organization the following methods should be implemented by the company. Service and Product Rating System The organization should try and look to implement a rating system for the product and the service that are offered by the organization. This system would allow the customers to provided rating for the services that they receive from the supermarket and also for the products that they purchase from the supermarket. They can provide the rating for the servicers as soon as they leave the marketing complex. In addition to this they should also have an online portal where they can also provide rating to the product they purchase. They can do this both anonymously and also by providing the reference to the product that they have purchased. This help the authorities of the organization to recognize the products that are more popular and also the products that are less popular and requires reformation. In addition to this, the ratings of the services of the organization would also help them to identify the areas of the organization that requires improvement. This increase the efficiency of t he level of communication in between and the business and the consumer and also increase the efficiency of the products of the organization. Requirement for the Company Website In addition to the rating system the company would require a website in which all the details about the company would be provided. The people would be able to view the details about the company. The details of the company such as the organizational procedures would be explained on the website. In addition to this the various kind of information regarding the policies of the company would also be mentioned in the website. The privacy policy and the product purchase policies should be efficiently defined in the company website. In addition to this the information about the products and the services provided by the organization should also be provided on the website. The website would also help the organization for the advertisement of the products. In addition to information about launch of newer products and seasons in which there would be sale in the organization can also be provided on the website. This would keep the customers of the organization well informed about the organizatio n. In addition this the website would contain the detailed information about the Pay wave card of the customers. The customer can view details about themselves in the website and also update them very easily. In addition to this the customers would be able to provide their queries and grievances in website that would allow the company officials to know about the problems of the customers and solve them with an immediate effect. This would also help in promotion of the organization. Hence, the website would increase the overall reputation of the organization. Customer Care Services The organization should also possess some customer care facilities both within the shopping complex and also within the online interface of the organization. Firstly, there must be help desk in the complex of the supermarket. The desk must have some staffs employed in the section, so that they would help out the customers. They would also listen to the queries of the customer and provide efficient solutions for them. In addition to this they should also register any kind of grievances or feedback provided by the customers, so the organization can use it for future references. In addition to this the staffs would also help the customers with the return and exchange of product systems of the organization and help them in understanding the process of the organizations successfully. In addition to this, the organization should also have an online customer service system in their website that would be active 24/7 and also provide services 24/7 to the customers. The portal would listen to the queries of the customers and provide immediate solutions so that it would make the customers happy. In addition to they would also record the online feedbacks and the reviews that are provided by the customers. There should also be a chat section where the customers can chat with the customer care executives and discuss about their problems with them. This would help in improving the communication methods in between the customers and the organization. This as a result would increase the overall customer satisfaction and also the overall efficiency of the organization. References Amendola, S., Lodato, R., Manzari, S., Occhiuzzi, C., Marrocco, G. (2014). RFID technology for IoT-based personal healthcare in smart spaces.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(2), 144-152. Arbore, A., Estes, Z. (2013). Loyalty program structure and consumers' perceptions of status: Feeling special in a grocery store?.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,20(5), 439-444. Bernstein, S., Sheen, A. (2016). The operational consequences of private equity buyouts: Evidence from the restaurant industry.Review of Financial Studies, hhw037. Bernstein, S., Lerner, J., Sorensen, M., Strmberg, P. (2016). Private equity and industry performance.Management Science. Bertazzi, L., Bosco, A., Guerriero, F., Lagana, D. (2013). A stochastic inventory routing problem with stock-out.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,27, 89-107. Bornemann-Shepherd, M., Le-Lazar, J., Makic, M. B. F., DeVine, D., McDevitt, K., Paul, M. (2015). Caring for inpatient boarders in the emergency department: improving safety and patient and staff satisfaction.Journal of Emergency Nursing,41(1), 23-29. Campbell, M. S., Stehfest, K. M., Votier, S. C., Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2014). Mapping fisheries for marine spatial planning: Gear-specific vessel monitoring system (VMS), marine conservation and offshore renewable energy.Marine Policy,45, 293-300. Caney, R., Dorros, C., Kennedy, S., Owens, G., Tague, P. (2013). Mobile Pickpocketing: Exfiltration of Sensitive Data through NFC-enabled Mobile Devices (CMU-CyLab-13-015). Cobovi?, M., Katolik, A., Novak, N. (2013). Control of cash payment system based on the software as a service.Interdisciplinary Management Research,9. Ellickson, P. B. (2013). Supermarkets as a natural oligopoly.Economic Inquiry,51(2), 1142-1154. Nair, R. D. (2015). The implications of the growth of supermarket chains in southern Africa on competitive rivalry1. Ochieng, E. G., Jones, N., Price, A. D. F., Ruan, X., Egbu, C. O., Zuofa, T. (2014). Integration of energy efficient technologies in UK supermarkets.Energy Policy,67, 388-393. Thomassen, ., Smith, H., Seiler, S., Schiraldi, P. (2017). Multi-category competition and market power: a model of supermarket pricing.American Economic Review. Turolla, S. (2016). Spatial competition in the French supermarket industry.Annals of Economics and Statistics/Annales d'conomie et de Statistique, (121-122), 213-259. Varela, M. J. (2016). The Costs of Growth: Accelerated Growth and Crowd-Out in the Mexican Supermarket Industry. Yamoah, F. A., Yawson, D. E. (2014). Assessing supermarket food shopper reaction to horsemeat scandal in the UK.International Review of Management and Marketing,4(2), 98. Zhang, S. S., van Doorn, J., Leeflang, P. S. (2014). Does the importance of value, brand and relationship equity for customer loyalty differ between Eastern and Western cultures?.International Business Review,23(1), 284-292.

English 11/ Final Exam (Practice) Part 1 Flashcard

English 11/ Final Exam (Practice) Part 1

Saying So-so; Mediocre in Mandarin Chinese

Saying So-so; Mediocre in Mandarin Chinese The rules of etiquette in Chinese culture state that compliments must be rejected. Therefore, if someone tells you that you speak Mandarin well, a good way of responding would be, â€Å"Not at all, my Mandarin is very poor.† One way of saying this is with the Mandarin Chinese phrase mÇŽmÇŽhÃ… «hÃ… «. This could be prefaced with nÇŽli nÇŽli, which means â€Å"where?†- as in, â€Å"Where is my good Mandarin? I don’t see it.† MÇŽmÇŽhÃ… «hÃ… « is made up of four Chinese characters: é © ¬Ã© © ¬Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â„¢Å½/é ¦ ¬Ã© ¦ ¬Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â„¢Å½ (the second is traditional Chinese). The first two characters mean â€Å"horse† and the second two characters mean â€Å"tiger.† This makes the phrase very easy to remember, but why does â€Å"horse horse tiger tiger† mean â€Å"mediocre?† It’s neither one nor the other- it’s so-so, mediocre. Example of Mama Huhu Click on the links to hear the audio. NÇ  de guà ³yÇ” shuÃ…  de hÄ›n hÇŽo.ä ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Å"‹è ªÅ¾Ã¨ ª ªÃ¥ ¾â€"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€º ½Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¥ ¾â€"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Your Mandarin is very good.NÇŽli nÇŽli - mÇŽmÇŽ hÇ”hÇ”.å“ ªÃ¨ £ ¡Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¨ £ ¡ é ¦ ¬Ã© ¦ ¬Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¥â€œ ªÃ©â€¡Å'å“ ªÃ©â€¡Å' é © ¬Ã© © ¬Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â„¢Å½Not at all- it’s very bad. It should be noted that this phrase is very common in many beginner textbooks, but that few native speakers actually use it and it might come across as a bit strange or out-dated. Its a little bit similar to textbooks in English as a second language having its raining cats and dogs because its a cute expression that students like, but very few people actually say that. Its fine to use, of course, but dont be surprised if you dont hear other people saying it all the time.

African American History and Women Timeline 1870-1899

African American History and Women Timeline 1870-1899 [Previous] [Next] Women and African American History: 1870-1899 1870 15th Amendment to the US Constitution gave the right to vote without regard to race, color, or previous condition of servitude but the Amendment did not apply to African American women (or any other women) Susan McKinney Stewart, an early African American woman physician, received an M.D. from the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women 1871 (October 6) Fisk University Jubilee Singers began their first-ever national tour, singing gospel music to raise money for the University 1872 (April) Charlotte Ray admitted to the Washington, DC, bar; she graduated that year from Howard University Law School 1873 Sarah Moore Grimke died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, sister of Angelina Grimke Weld) 1874 1875 (July 10) Mary McLeod Bethune born Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlaws discrimination in public accomodations (invalidated in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896) 1876 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes ended Reconstruction by withdrawing US Army troops from the South 1878 1879 Mary Eliza Mahoney graduated from the nursing school at the New England Hospital for Women and Children, Boston, becoming the first African American professional nurse Angelina Emily Grimke Weld died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, sister of Sarah Moore Grimke) 1880 (October 20)  Lydia Maria Child  died (abolitionist, writer) (November 11)  Lucretia Mott  died (Quaker abolitionist and womens rights advocate) 1881 Tennessee passed first Jim Crow laws Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles founded Spelman College, the first college for African American women 1882   (September 8)  Sarah Mapps Douglass  died 1883 (November 26)  Sojourner Truth  died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, minister, lecturer)   Mary Ann Shadd Cary  became the second African American woman in the United States to earn a law degree 1884   Mary Church Terrell  (then Mary Church) graduated from Oberlin College (activist, clubwoman) (January 24)  Helen Pitts  married Frederick Douglass, setting off controversy and opposition to their interracial marriage 1885 (June 6)  ALelia Walker, daughter of  Madam C.J. Walker, born (activist, executive, Harlem Renaissance figure) Sarah Goode received the first patent awarded to an African American woman 1886 1887 1888 1889 (January 28) Prudence Crandall died (educator) 1890 Emma Frances Grayson Merritt (1860-1933) established the first U.S. kindergarten for African American students   The House of Bondage, a collection of slave narratives, published, written by former slave Octavia R. Albert   Clarence and Corinne or Gods Way  published by the American Baptist Publication, the first Sunday School book written by an African American Janie Porter Barrett founded the Locust Street Settlement House in Hampton, Virginia 1891 newspaper  Freedom: a Revolutionary Anarchist-Communist Monthly  founded by  Lucy Parsons 1892 Anna Julia Cooper published  Voice of the South, writing of the status of African American women   Hallie Brown  served as lady principal (dean of women), Tuskegee Institute President Benjamin Harrison entertained by Sissieretta Jones (singer) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper published  Iola Leroy: or Shadows Uplifted Patent issued for an ironing board invented by Sarah Boone (January)  Bessie Coleman  born (pilot) - or 1893 (October)  Ida B. Wells  published  Southern Horrors: Lynch Law and in All Its Phases, beginning her public anti-lynching campaign (-1894) many African American womens clubs were founded for race and womens progress New York City (Victoria Earle Matthews)Brooklyn (Susan McKinney)Boston (Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin) 1893 World Columbian Exposition largely excluded African Americans. A few African American women spoke at the fairs Womens Congress on The Intellectual Progress of Colored Women of the US Since Emancipation: Fannie Barrier Williams spoke on the responsibility of white men for sexual exploitation of African American women. Anna Julia Cooper and Fanny Jackson Coppin also spoke.Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, and Ferdinand Barnett wrote The Reason Why the Colored American is Not in the Columbian Exposition. African Methodist Episcopal Church founded the Womens Home and Foreign Missionary Society publication of  The Autobiography of Amanda Berry Smith, AME Evangelist Fanny Kemble died (wrote about slavery)   Lucy Stone  died (editor, abolitionist, womens rights advocate) (April 13)  Nella Larson  born (writer, nurse) (June 5)  Mary Ann Shadd Cary  died (journalist, teacher, abolitionist, activist) (-1903)  Hallie Brown  served as professor of elocution at Wilberforce University 1894 Sarah Parker Remond died (anti-slavery lecturer whose British lectures probably helped keep the British from entering the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy) National Association of Colored Women began publishing  The Womans Era Gertrude Mossell published  The Work of the Afro-American Woman 1895 National Federation of Afro-American Women founded by about 100 women from ten different states, the first national federation of black womens clubs. Margaret Washington was elected the first president. Founders included Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin,  Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Barrier Williams   Ida B. Wells  published  Red Record, a statistical study of lynching Frederick Douglass died (abolitionist, womens rights activist, lecturer) 1896 National Federation of African American Women and the Colored Womens League merged into the National Association of Colored Women, selecting  Mary Church Terrell  as president (March 18) Supreme Court in  Plessy v. Ferguson  upholds Louisiana law segregating railway cars, invalidating the Civil Rights Act of 1875, and leading to the passage of many more Jim Crow laws (July 1)  Harriet Beecher Stowe  died (writer) (July 21) National Association of Colored Women formed;  Mary Church Terrell, president 1897 Harriet Tubman won pension for her Civil War military service Victoria Earle Matthews founded the White Rose Mission to provide aid to Southern black women moving to New York City Phillis Wheatley Home for Aged Colored Ladies founded by Fannie M. Richards in Detroit the first of many named for the poet  Phillis Wheatley  to provide housing and services for single African American women in large cities Charlamae Rollins born (writer, librarian)   A Slave Girls Story  published, autobiography of Kate Drumgold   Marita Bonner  born (writer, teacher) 1899   Maggie Lena Walker  became head (Right Worthy Grand Secretary) of the Independent Order of St. Luke Society, which she helped transform into an effective philanthropic society in Richmond, Virginia [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1910-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Descartes and God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Descartes and God - Essay Example Relying on the principle of clarity and distinctness, he argued that there were two things he could be sure about: the existence of himself and God. Being a devout Catholic, he wanted to make a contribution to understanding of Christianity. So in the opening statement to Meditations, Descartes claimed that there were two driving issues behind this work: proving the existence of God and the immortality of the soul through natural reason (Burnham and Fieser 2006). In fact, the necessary existence of God was the absolute truth for Descartes, perceived by him at the intuition level. Yet, he realized that it was necessary to provide clear logical arguments of this existence. Descartes provided three principal arguments of the existence of God: the causal, cosmological and ontological ones. The causal argument is most fully represented in Meditation III, it can also be found in the Discourse (Part I) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17-18). Descartes distinguishes between the formal reality of an idea (its actual existence and degree of perfection as a mode of mind) and its objective reality (the degree of perfection it has with consideration of its content). Further the philosopher recognizes three degrees of perfection based on the capacity of a thing for an independent existence. God, being an infinite substance depending on nothing, is viewed as the highest degree of perfection. An individual body or mind (finite substances depending on God alone) is given the next degree. A property of a substance, that is a mode depending on the substance for existence, is considered as being of the lowest degree. Descartes states that â€Å"it is manifest by the natural light that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause†. Thus there should be as much formal reality in the cause of an idea as there is objective reality in the

Business Plan for Budget Hotel Sri Lanka Assignment

Business Plan for Budget Hotel Sri Lanka - Assignment Example The introduction and popularity of budget holiday package in the country is a great fillip to venture budget hotels as an indispensable element of tourism industry. A budget holiday package allows travelers to plan and book their own itineraries in conformity to their needs and preferences. An official source estimates that in the UK there were 22.5 million budget holiday makers in the year 2000 (Mintel). This business plan covers almost all aspects of the proposed business - both qualitative and quantitative information- incorporated to substantiate the viability of the proposed project and business prospects. The Hotel is proposed to be started in a six storied building at Narahenpita, Colombo-05, Sri Lanka. The location is found favourable for a budget hotel as the property has all basic amenities such as three phase electricity, passenger lift and AC rooms (Appendix 3). The hotel will be set up as a joint partnership business venture by Mr. I.T.H. Gamage and Mr. E. Bojang with eq ual share and it is proposed to be named as 'Budget Hotel Sri Lanka'. The business opportunity was identified after an extensive research into the market to venture a small budget hotel in Colombo City, Sri Lanka. It has been decided as part of the strategy that the hotel will offer simple but comfort, safe and secure place for an exceptional experience to customers. The hotel will be targeting both domestic and international tourists who visit and plans to stay in Colombo. This region is the most sought after place for night stay as one of the official sources report that there were 982362 foreign and 380251 local guests who had opted this region for their night stay in 2007(Appendix 04). The hotel is mainly targeting low profile business travellers as well as those who visit the country for purposes like leisure, sport, and sightseeing (Appendix 13). The SWOT and PEST analysis affirm that though there are enough number of hotels and other locally generated accommodation in the cit y, the competition can, to a great extent, be mitigated through the cost leadership strategy (Appendix 9 and 10). Furthermore, the Porter's Five Forces Model (Appendix 11) reaffirms the approach as the city is seriously lagging behind in meeting the travellers' needs in an economical manner. Though the country has faced a decline in tourist arrival during 2006 and 2007 period owing to the internal political hardships (LTTE problem and probability of outbreak of a war), it is estimated that an annual increase of 20% is expected (Appendix 15), once the problem is solved. Mintel's Forecast report also reiterates this estimate (Appendix 17). All these pin point the possibilities for the successful operations of the hotel and the opportunities to flourish in future. 2. MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the venture is to become the leader in the budget hotel industry in Sri Lanka, while ensuring growth in the business and its profits. This will be met through the achievement of the following objectives. 2.1. Objectives To be the leader in the budget hotel industry in Sri Lanka by providing standard, safe and comfortable accommodation to customers at affordable prices. Promoting responsible and sustainable tourism by pursuing environmentally friendly operational policies. Expanding the marketing and advertising campaign within Sri Lanka and our major international source markets. Ensuring fair

Race Relations Act 1976 Essay Example for Free

Race Relations Act 1976 Essay When studying Race and Racism in Britain the pivotal turning point of race relations is the passing of the Race Relations Act on the 22nd of November 1976. The Race Relations Act made discrimination unlawful on the grounds of race, colour, nationality and ethnicity. For me this point in history, equality of race is formally dealt with, as it is the first law introduced to ensure that racial and ethnic discrimination is forbidden in Britain. The Race Relations Act made it unlawful to discriminate against a person on racial grounds in employment, education and in the provision of goods and services. This act was only the start of eliminating racial discrimination; however it was the foundation of it all and is the reason behind such improvement in equality today. The 1976 Act was amended, not replaced, by the Race Relations Amendment Act introduced in 2000. After the 1976 Act was presented, racial discrimination did not automatically vanish, however it made it clear to the vast majority of people within Britain that discrimination has no place in society and that changes had to be made. Making discrimination unlawful within employment coincides with the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975, where by it was illegal to discriminate women in the workplace, such as, selection for a job, training, promotion, work practices or dismissal, with the only difference being based on racial terms rather than gender. This brought equality in the workplace and introduced more rights to ethnic minority groups. The Act also makes it unlawful for public bodies to discriminate while carrying out any of their duties. Public bodies are obliged to make sure their employment procedures and service delivery do not have a disproportionate impact on particular ethnic or national groups. The Act, based upon education, forbids the discrimination of ethnic minority pupils, in terms of non-admission to the school, college or university, inequality once within the school and also abuse from other pupils and teachers due to their race or nationality. In addition, discrimination in the provision of goods, services and facilities was made unlawful. It is forbidden for anyone within the industry of providing goods or services to discriminate someone on the grounds of ethnicity or nationality. Within all these fields race relations is attempted to be improved, and by doing so equality is acknowledged and ethnicity is somewhat striving to become a factor that is non-existent in society and the workplace. Race Relations simply means the relationships between individuals from different ethnic groups. Obviously the Race Relations Act was intended to put forward a new way of thinking towards various ethnic minority groups and to look at them as equals. As I said early, that the Act introduced in 1976 was the turning point, as it were, of racial discrimination, as it was the first law opposing racial discrimination. However, the number of riots protesting against racial inequality had risen after the Law was presented. The 1980’s sparked a series of riots in mainly afro-Caribbean areas, protesting against discrimination and poverty. With the spur of the riots throughout the 1980’s, it could be said that this proved that the Race Relations Act did not perform its task, which was to eliminate racial discrimination. As we know, this act was amended in 2000 to enhance the Act by ensuring there were no exceptions, such as the police, and other public bodies, who were initial exempt from the Law. On the contrary, what can be said about the riots is that the police, due to their exemption from the Act, discriminated against black people, through the ‘sus’ law and thus performing random searches on people who they believe to be suspicious. The police would stop and search people they believed to be suspicious, however the number of black individuals against white individuals was extremely disproportionate, â€Å"In the 1960s and 1970s, the way in which the ‘sus’ laws were used by police officers created widespread resentment amongst ethnic minorities, who felt they were being unfairly targeted by the police. This led to a series of civil disturbances, including the infamous Brixton riots in 1981†[1] This shows that the police took advantage of their exemption from the 1976 Relations Act Race, by looking at ethnic minorities in a much more suspicious way than white individuals, and thus discriminating them. There is further evidence to back-up this statement, with the Notting Hill riot in August 1976. With young black tempers flaring due to the ‘sus’ law by which anyone could be stopped and searched if thought to be suspicious, inevitably riots broke out, with over 100 people, police and others, being injured. In the 1970’s and the 1980’s the police were pivotal figures of racial discrimination, which is the reason for the amendment of the act in 2000. The Race Relations Act was not automatically going to create a country free of racism. It is impossible to transform a countries view on racial discrimination through one law being passed, due to the fact that racial discrimination against ethnic minorities has been apparent for centuries, with the slave trade only being abolished in August 1834, through the Slavery Abolition Act. Before the Acts were produced racism was something that occurred all the time. Nothing was thought of it, as minorities were not seen as equals, rather as second class citizens or sometimes seen not even as citizens. With the majority of the black population being enslaved for thousands of years, no one ever thought it was wrong to discriminate an individual for their ethnicity. A lot did not change, after the introduction of the Race Relations Act as discrimination was still apparent. However, what can be said about how the Act impacted on race relations is that the minority groups had a foundation to voice their views. Prior to the Act, riots were much less than in the 1980’s, which I believe is due to the Act. Riots aren’t healthy for a country; however it shows that the minorities believed that their opinions mattered, to an extent. The creation of the law proved that the Government believed the minority groups should be treated as equals, therefore, having the support of the Government. The impact of the Act was that it formally gave ethnic minorities a place in society and as equals. The minorities had the support and sympathy of the Government, which is the main body needed to live in a country. I believe that the introduction of the Race Relations Act gave ethnic minorities the belief that these initial changes made through the act, could be pushed even further, and as we know, this eventually happened through the Race Relations Amendment Act of 2000 and further amendments up until now. You cannot judge the impact of the Law immediately after it was produced, you have look at what has been achieved today. Equality is apparent, there is no visible discrimination in the workplace, such as lower pay to ethnic minorities, or lack of promotion opportunities and racism, yet still occurring, is extremely scarce compared to twenty or thirty years ago. Huge improvements have been made in the workplace and education, as well as the reduction in racial riots in Britain. With all this in mind, evidently the Race Relations Act was successful, as the task of the Law was to ensure equality in society, and to reduce racism throughout Britain. Riots were still taking place throughout the 1990’s and the start of the twenty first century, but nothing in comparison to the amount that occurred in the 1980’s. Nevertheless, the Oldham riots in May 2001 were said to be the worst racially motivated riots in Britain for fifteen years prior to the event. Particular groups involved were white and south Asian-Muslim communities following a sustained period of racial tensions and outbreaks in Oldham. The Bradford Riots were also seen as a major intense period of rioting which began on 7 July 2001. It occurred as a result of intensified tensions between the large and expanding ethnic minority communities and the city’s white majority, fuelled by confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and the British National Party and the British National Front. Despite the improvements in racial equality and the acceptance of different ethnicities from society and the Government, there is still an organisation within Parliament, known as the British National Party, who were involved in spurring on the Bradford riots in 2001 and openly discriminate and discredit ethnic minorities. Before February 2010 only white British citizens could join the party, as they do not consider ethnic minority groups to be British and part of the country. This shows that racial discrimination is still active, not only through individual abuse, but within Parliament and from an organised political movement. With this in mind, how successful is the Race Relations Act when this country still has an openly racist party, whose policies do not include ethnic minority communities, but also aims to separate them from society? However, the party still, from being founded as a splinter group from the National Front in 1982, does not hold any seats in Parliament, proving that their support is limited and weak, thus not having much influence on politics, at this moment in time. The Race Relations Act enhanced race relations in Britain immensely, in the long term, however the 1976 act didn’t fully ensure that every aspect of racial discrimination was abolished, which was the reason the Government amended the Act in 2000, therefore it can be said that the real influence on race relations was the Race Relations Amendment Act formed in 2000, as this was the law that dealt with every factor to eliminate racial discrimination in every field of society. Ultimately the Race Relations was pivotal in improving relations between different ethnic groups, as it was the first formal law introduced by Parliament to reform the issue of racial discrimination. This gave the ethnic minorities the belief that things could be altered and improved further to ensure an equal country, free of racism, which is, to an extent, what today’s world is becoming. Relations between ethnic groups have been non-existent throughout the centuries, with racism being something that ethnic minorities had to deal with personally, without the support and sympathy of the Government. Improvements in the workplace, education and, through the Race Relations Amendment Act, the police prove that race relations have developed, along with the reduction of riots within Britain. Without the Law being introduced this country would still believe that race equality should not happen and that ethnic minorities are second class citizens. With the Government pushing forward the law to eliminate racism and build equality, the people will most of the time support their aspirations and beliefs. Obviously the Race Relations Act of 1976 was not the only factor in building race relations and equality; however it is, in my opinion, the most important, as it built a solid foundation for Britain to develop race relations on legal grounds.

Chavez: Weakening Democracy Essay -- Government

What is democracy? According to the online version of the Miriam Webster dictionary, democracy is "government by the people" also "is a government in which supreme power is invested by the people and it is exercised by the people directly or indirectly through a representational system in which periodically held free elections." Venezuela as well as other countries in Latin America has undergone constant changes in their democracy, produced by their rulers. The primary function of the government is to ensure the safety of the state, its territory and its inhabitants. Also their objective is to strength the democratic institutions that ensure the democratic liberties and rights. Unfortunately, not all the leaders are capable of respecting these functions and get corrupted by the power granted by the people, or they simply came to power with the idea of governing for their benefit and not for the benefit of its citizens. President Chavez is no exception to the rule, after being impri soned for a failed coup against Carlos Andres Perez in 1992 which was provoked by the severe economic situation that affected the country in the 90's. In this essay, I would like to present the premise that Hugo Chavez Frias, even though was selected by the people and still today has the support of the majority of the people, has been constantly weakening the democracy in Venezuela. To support this argument I am going to present chronological examples of the different actions committed by Chavez and his government since his ascension to power in 1998. Hugo Chavez, a former lieutenant colonel in the militia resulted president in 1998. Shortly after having come to power instead of focusing on solving the precarious economic situation in which the cou... ... Works Cited Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . Schuyler, George W. (2001), "Health and Neoliberalism: Venezuela and Cuba" (PDF), retrieved April 21, 2012 Corrales, Javier. "A Setback For Chavez." Journal of Democracy 1st ser. 22 (2011): 122-36. Print. "Comparing Democratic Institutions in Venezuela and Canada." Venezuela News, Views, and Analysis. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . Kornblith, Miriam, and Vinay Jawahar. "Elections versus Democracy." Journal of Democracy 16.1 (2005): 124-37. Print. Corrales, Javier. â€Å"Hugo Boss† Foreign Policy (2006), No. 152. pp. 32-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25461989 Corrales, Javier, and Michael. Penfold-Becerra. "Venezuela: Crowding Out the Opposition." Journal of Democracy 18.2 (2007): 99-113. Print.

Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka

Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinka is about, as the title suggests, a conversation over the telephone between two people – a West African man and a British landlady. The former was looking for a place to live in London. He felt that the ‘price seemed reasonable’ and the ‘location indifferent’ in the sense that it was impartial. The landlady claimed that she ‘lived off premises’ possibly indicating that it was a source of income for her. The poem is in free verse and appears like a conversation, like an active telegraphic dialogue.It is a poem that takes the support of irony to put across a point strongly, that is, absurdity of racism. The poet has taken this creative idea to convey his anger over how society gives undue importance to a man’s colour and not this culture or intellect. The opening lines of the poem introduce the theme which rests on the irony of the word ‘indifferent’. The speaker wants an apartment a nd in this regard he calls the landlady to speak to her. He finds the ‘price reasonable’ and the ‘location indifferent’. ‘Indifferent’ here possibly indicated ‘impartial’ to race and colour.The landlady emphatically says that she lives ‘off the premises’ – the apartment is a source of income for her. Everything seems alright and the speaker feels that he should tell the lady that he is an African. He does this to avoid ‘a wasted journey’ because he has an apprehension that when the lady sees him she might react negatively and reject him. Hence there is the need for this ‘self-confession’. He has not done any wrong that he should confess – yet he seems apologetic. The response to this self-confession is ironically a heavy silence – a pause – that transmuted ‘good breeding’ of the lady.She is possibly caught unawares. The African is too shocked and hurt t o react immediately and therefore, the heavy silence is broken with questions – ‘How dark? ’ and ’Are you light or very dark? ’ She wants to know the colour of his skin. This was an absurd notion followed by the whites; they thought that the lighter shades of the dark-skinned people were better than the darker ones. The speaker is suddenly conscious of the ‘stench of rancid breath’ of the public booth, its red colour, the ‘red pillar box’ and the red bus – all Red.It is an evocative image that brings out the reality if the prejudice against him. The colour red here symbolises the extent of shock and anger of the African. He is the one looking for acceptance and belonging, and lodging. The colour might also refer to the branding of cattle, where each of them has a red mark on its body that makes it easier for its master to identify them. The man’s silence is an ‘ill-mannered silence’ eloquently int erpreted as bad manners by the landlady. She politely tones down the sharpness of her question but nevertheless seeks to know ‘how dark’ he is.The poet calling her ‘considerate’ is an irony because she does not rephrase her question sensitively and considerately, but it is considerate as so far she converted the phrases. ‘Revelation came’ when the African realised that the whites shall never regard the blacks as human beings as themselves. The African replies in a childish way, resigning himself and simplifying the choices of the landlady. He says, ‘You mean – like plain or milk chocolate? ’ All his anguish, pain and anger takes recourse and he forces to see himself through the eyes of the lady.She answers him in infirmity and then, adjusting himself with the ‘wave-length’ of the white lady, apparently complying with her, he says, ‘West African sepia’ from ‘down in’ his ‘passportà ¢â‚¬â„¢. This is again an irony, as the African in reality faces rejection in Europe by the whites despite having a passport. This depicts that the colour of the skin is an absurdly important parameter for describing humans according to the whites. The answer of the African does not satisfy the lady and she feigns not to understand – ‘what’s that? ’ is her question.He replies that it is similar to brunette and she immediately clarifies that that’s dark. Now the man has had enough of her insensitiveness. He disregards all constraints of formality and mocks her outright, saying that he isn’t all black, the soles of his feet and the palms of his hands are completely white, but he is foolish enough to sit on his bottom so it has been rubbed black due to friction. But as he senses that she is about to slam the receiver on him, he struggles one last time to make her reconsider, pleading her to at least see for herself; only to have the phone slamme d on him.Exasperated by these indifferences he is keen to tell her that but for his brown skin he is like any other normal human being – with palm of the hand, soles of his feet a ‘peroxide blond’. He realises that she wants the details to be able to categorise him. But the process angers him and provokes him to describe how the bottoms ‘raven black’ and asks her to judge for herself. The lady had already sent the receiver rearing on the thunderclap. She had disconnected. The telephone conversation has concluded but the man has to have the last word. He asks if she wouldn’t rather see for herself.

Famous Creative Thinkers Essay

In this assignment there are several great creative thinkers to choose from for completion. After reading through the list James Hal Cone and Grace Hopper became the choices. The reasoning was these individuals were so different in their paths of success, or for better word accomplishments. Both are extraordinary people; however their journeys are profoundly different, however both are instrumental in worthy contributions in society and the world. Throughout this paper we will uncover and discover Cone and Hopper purpose, passion, and for one even pain. James Hal Cone was born August 5, 1938 in Fordyce Arkansas, to Charles and Lucy Cone. Early in Cone childhood he was introduced to religion and had a strong spiritual guidance. James was an intelligent child who went on to graduate from high school at age 16, at which time he became a minister. Cone beginnings started with being brought up in a segregated part of Arkansas, where people of color were discriminated against and treated u nfairly. James early in life reflected upon the social injustices of the poor, blacks, and women. Cone took the treatment to heart early along with his religious background and became a minister at 16, starting to address the differences of treatment. During his early life at college he was a minister at several churches. However during his early period of college and ministry the civil rights movement started evolving and he noticed Martin Luther King. Through that introduction of Dr. King he realized his true direction was ministry and attended Theological Seminary getting a M.A. and Ph.D. James acquired four degrees in a seven year span, a man on a mission with an extraordinary mind. Two things directed Hal’s path pain of discrimination and coming to know Jesus. After graduation with his Ph.D. in theology, Hal went on to be a professor of religious studies, still believing in nonviolence. During this period changes came with Malcolm X, northern riots, and Stokely Carmichael’s   call to â€Å"Black Power† (This Far by Faith, 2015). The direction of society from two important men King and X, initiated Hal’s influence of empowering African Americans Christianity from slavery, segregation and justice in society. Hal knew through theology he could address the issue and started writing introducing black liberation theology. What Hal orchestrated was self-worth with assimilation of the black power movement, addressing social and racial justice for black people, freeing them from oppression economically and spiritually. Ideally Hal wanted to empower people through Christianity beliefs; however he addressed the separate treatment of the poor, oppressed and blacks in the Christian community. Hal eventually wrote many books that were supported and criticized because of his criticism of white theologians not addressing the struggle and differential treatment of the African American people as far back as slavery. Hal also went to speak in China and Latin America concerning the lack of address of people of color being oppressed, poor and oppression as Christians. He took a stand against segregation and mistreatment of all people on a theologian podium. James Hal took theology using it as a tool towards the individuality that contributed to the history, existence, and civilization of black people. Hal thinking really was devised from his thought of how can people be Christians, but be ok with the injustices of segregation. With Hal coming of age during the civil rights movement had a major effect on his social consciousness. This was a period (civil rights movement) where it was obvious that black people were being mistreated, even among white Christians. Hal took the stand against the treatment even though it was not a popular decision. For James it became unacceptable for Christians to treat people differently than what the bible taught, â€Å"Love your neighbor as you love yourself†. Even though it appeared Hal writings and views were racially motivated, by earlier content, Hal knew his sentiments was to empower Christian people to realize that in spite of their skin color they were of value and deserve to be treated accordingly. Through it all the process that Hal used to devise his plan of action came from evaluating and analyzing the information obtained from his personal experience, observation and communication. Armed with those factors of critical thinking he creatively started changing how people of color, women, oppressed, and poor people thought about themselves spiritually. Hal later realized that terms used to address white Christians was impropriate  and that he could have addressed the issue differently, still standing on his beliefs, that there should be no racism or segregation in the church. James Hal Cone the pioneer for making people aware of the segregation that should never be acceptable in the theologian Christian community, God created all people equal and God is in respect of no man. Grace Hopper computer scientist and that is speaking lightly of her accomplishments and creativity. Grace Hopper was born December 6, 1906, as Grace Brewster Murray in New York. Born during a period that girl were not normally educated, Grace parents believed just the opposite. Grace was not a traditional girl, on one account she was fascinated with the working of a clock, at seven she dismantled the clock. Her actions were based on how does the alarm clock work? As the story goes she dismantles all the clocks in her home, first sign of her tenacity, innovation and perseverance (Hopper Biography- Mac Tutor of Mathematics, 2015). Grace attended private school and went to earn a college degree in mathematics from Vassar College. From 1928 to 1931 she achieved marriage, along with a M.A. degree from Yale University. Three years later Grace was an associate professor with a Ph. D., however with all her accomplishments her real passion was to join the military. Opportunity presented itself when the United States entered the Second World War, unbeknownst to Grace she was too old and to slight in weight. However not one to take no for an answer she persuaded the Navy to enlist her at the old age of 37, unheard of especially for a woman. Mission accomplished she’s a Navy woman with her first orders to start working on the Harvard Mark I computer, she was elated. The computer took her back to childhood, now she really could dismantle the computer and make adjustments, becoming the first woman to program the Mark I. She is in her element and making strives, moving forward. Grace went on to play a significant role in the creation of the Mark II and III computer program. After retiring from the Navy she developed with a team the UNIVAC computer, along with an upgrade compiler. While still being employed at a computer corporation, Grace and team developed the first English – language data processing computer (Hopper Biography –Mac Tutor Mathematics, 2015). Grace was the pioneer behind the first English language computer being in existence. Before the team and Grace developed the language computer, computers were  only mathematically designed. There was only word numbers, no words had come into computer existence. Now computers with business language existed, which people in the computer world thought was not possible. The COBOL (common business – oriented language computer came into existence in 1959 changing the world. Grace had creative ideas before the time frame of computers starting with an alarm clock. With her ability for mathematics, brilliant mind, and education she was able to accomplish the beginning of the computer language, which have gone on to universal success. Grace had no restraints, what she set out to do she did. In spite of the times she had courage, direction, daring, and most important she did not have an established pattern for her creativity thinking. At all levels she challenged herself with a range of ideas; from discovery, defining, designing, and developing the computer with the English language. She was the lady behind the computer bug (Berni Dwan, Irish Times, 2001). Her biggest obstacle was being a female in an area of men and times when women were not so easily accepted in the corporate world, especially the unknown like computers. References Blake, John. â€Å"America’s ‘Angriest’ Theologian Faces Lynching Tree.† CNN Belief Blog. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/21/americas-angriest-theologian-faces-lynching-tree/?hpt=hp_c1 (accessed April 23, 2012). â€Å"James H. Cone.† Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. http://www.utsnyc.edu//Page.aspx?pid=353 (accessed June 15, 2011). BLACK THEOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY: DEIDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN THE THEOLOGY OF JAMES H. CONE (Book). By: Hayes, Diana L., Theological Studies, 00405639, Dec2003, Vol. 64, Issue 4 http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/james_cone.html Grace Hopper. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 01:15, Mar 23, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809 http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopper.html Programming’s amazing grace she developed the first program to translate computer instructions from english into machine language and gave the world the computer `bug’. berni dwan looks back at the life and work of grace hopper. (2001, May 21). Irish Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/309366344?accountid=358 Famous Creative Thinkers

Animal Cruelty

Animal Cruelty A little bit opinionated, but lots of info -The topic of animal cruelty is one of great importance to the wold today. Why we humans have the right reserved to treat animals as lesser individuals is beyond me. Animals are fulfilling their part in the ecosystems and communities of the earth, and to the best extent that they are able. For example, a spider is being the best possible spider that it can be, spinning webs and working diligently at what it knows best, not bothering any creatures of the earth besides the ones which it needs to capture for food. We, as humans, decided that we are a much advanced life form and can basically treat anything else in this world in ways which we cannot imagine being treated. As a result the threads holding our earth together tightly in the balance are being slowly unraveled to lead into ultimate self-destruction.Mouse in Research for Animal TestingIn 1988, 16, 989 animals died in laboratories in the United Kingdom. This was due to such tests as acu te and chronic toxicity experiments, where the animals are forced to consume substances such as perfume, make-up and other beauty products and are often literally poisoned, their systems literally overloaded by the substance in question. Another testing method is the Lethal Dose 50 percent test or LD50. In this procedure at least half of the animals must die in order for the government to figure out how much a human can ingest without dying.In one such test some animals were fed 4. lb. of lipstick and one ended up dying of intestinal obstruction. In another, 7 pints of melted eye shadow was fed to rats. In yet another, mice were wrapped in tin foil and grilled in ultraviolet light to test a sun block cream for a...

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay Example for Free (#3)

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay Drama (623) , Romeo and Juliet (446) , Capulet (321) , Lady Capulet (110) , County Paris (19) , Juliet (12) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Looking closely at the characters and language in Romeo and Juliet, analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 William Shakespeare wrote â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† in 1954, although the basic plot can be traced back as early as the third century. In the play, Shakespeare relies heavily on the poem â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† by Arthur Brooke. Most of the people in the Elizabethan era were perceptive enough to concentrate on how the play was being performed and engaged themselves in the language the characters were using. Shakespeare’s audiences had different expectations towards his play, as many of them recognised the story already, they were settled enough to watch it providing the dramatist’s interpretation proved to be unique and original. I have been looking closely at Act 3, Scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet have just been secretly married. The scene opens with the two lovers having to part quickly after the Nurse informs Juliet her mother is swiftly approaching. Already a dramatic atmosphere is created, the audience is almost waiting for Romeo and Juliet to be caught out, this they know can simply not happen. Juliet is understandably tearful; Romeo is sympathetic towards her, showing he really cares for her: â€Å"I will omit no opportunity That will convey my greetings, love, to thee† All this is in comparison to later scenes in the play showing Juliet solitary and unsupported. Between the two lovers, there is a great difference, Romeo appears more optimistic than Juliet who is full of fear, sensing premonitions of her next seeing Romeo dead in a tomb. Her premonitions affect the audience, making them apprehensive and tense: â€Å"O God, I have an ill- divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. † The audience hears these harsh, severe words and are reminded of Romeo’s earlier startling premonition that he would die young: â€Å"†¦. My mind misgives Some consequence not yet hanging in the stars†¦.. By come vile forfeit of untimely death. † A chilling effect is created on those viewing the play as they start to realise and understand the significance of the two premonitions. By looking back into earlier scenes, dramatic effectiveness is created. Juliet uses language that shows how she is fearful of how her life with Romeo could easily be destroyed. She speaks to him strongly, showing a strong contrast to her soft words used previously. The strong bond that has been created between the two lovers before the audience’s eyes is momentarily going to be destroyed; tension is created as an aftermath of this feeling. This tension carries on and becomes hugely greater as the news of County Paris’ proposal is first heard of. The audience watch, already aware of the proposal, as the news is given to an extremely shocked Juliet. They wait anxiously for Juliet’s sake as she learns of it, and so a dramatic effectiveness is cast over them. The scene is made effective by the use of irony from Lady Capulet. As Lady Capulet refers to her â€Å"joyful tidings† and Juliet’s response is ironically a pleased one: â€Å"And joy comes well in such a needy time† But then the audience sees the real reason of Lady Capulet’s announcement and the hesitation of the crucial words proves to be highly dramatic, â€Å"Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride† Juliet’s intense anger would make great drama on stage, she shows her raging reaction well: â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church and Peter too He shall not make me there a joyful bride! † Juliet’s response shows exactly how she is feeling about the matter; she does not hold back at all. The audience knows the dilemma she is facing, one of bigamy, they are deeply involved and show much needed sympathy to Juliet. In the conversation that follows the cold and sharp language both Juliet and her mother used are very effective. Both sides address each other very formally, Juliet calling Lady Capulet, â€Å"My Lady†, â€Å"Mother† where Lady Capulet calls Juliet â€Å"girl† and â€Å"child†. This doesn’t seem to be the language one would expect from a close knit and loving family. This could lead to the conclusion that Juliet’s relationship is far from the relationship she has with Romeo; a loving and stable one. When Lord Capulet enters Juliet’s room, it proves to be a significantly dramatic scene because of the violence and fury portrayed by Lord Capulet. He arrives in her room in a threatening manner; his wife shows fear warning us to expect the worst, â€Å"Here comes your father. Tell him so yourself And see how he will take it at your hands. † Lord Capulet does not expect Juliet to disobey him, he would simply expect grateful thanks and obedience from his daughter. He portrays himself as someone who is used to getting his own way and the way that he regards himself as royalty emphasises to his huge ego and elevated formal language,†Have you delivered to our decree? † He shows great enthusiasm as he enters Juliet’s room, he seems delighted with his plan and congratulates himself on stage. Being the only man on stage, he is showing domination and the audience can see that he likes to be in control. He makes the women afraid; his centre role on stage shows this. The language that he uses is indeed very dramatic and effective. He poses questions to Juliet, being sharp and short when he does so showing how bewildered he is, and he vociferously attacks his daughter overwhelming her with numerous with numerous questions which she does not have time to answer, â€Å"How? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? † Capulet’s sentence construction is cleverly disjointed emphasising greatly on his anger that is building up rapidly. He shows more of an interest in finding a way to answer Juliet’s questions and his concern is more about his cleverness than the distress of his only daughter. He uses aggressive terms to Juliet, † you greensickness carrion†, † young baggage†, both examples are very aggressive and devegiating. Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5. (2017, Aug 29). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Student survival guide personal action plan Essay

Student survival guide personal action plan - Essay Example University education requires a large amount of independent learning and often involves search for information. Information is required to construct ideas, theories, or data. A variety of sources provide such information; but the most obvious ones are the University Library and the internet. Libraries can be either paper libraries or digital ones, where the contents of books are stored in digital form. Searching for information in books consumes too much time and hence it is preferable to access digital libraries on occasions when time could be a limiting factor. Also, the information contained in a book may not be updated. Hence library searches are better conducted within digital sources. Searching through digital catalogues offers speed and convenience, with an added advantage that one can access these from remote locations. Internet is the most convenient source of information because time, space or location doesn’t constrain it. Following guidelines will provide an overview of how best to search the internet. But they are not exhaustive; the World Wide Web has such potential that people can, and need to customize it to meet their specific requirements: 2. Use a search engine that displays results from more than one source – sometimes referred to as a meta-crawler – info.com is one such, though google.com gives excellent results fast, provided the search criteria are selected properly. Advanced search options needs to be used to refine searches. Commercial sites tend to be unreliable as far as a student is concerned. University sites and sites with .org and .edu suffixes should be preferred. However, the objectivity of opinions expressed in individual sites must be assessed after careful reading, since many activist sites masquarade as authentic unbiased ones. Passing off another person’s work as one’s own is unethical, apart from being unlawful. However,